SEND試験無料問題集「MRCPUK Endocrinology and Diabetes (Specialty Certificate Examination) 認定」
A 77-year-old woman presented with a 10-week history of facial hirsutism, scalp hair loss and deepening of the voice.
On examination, her body mass index was 32 kg/m2 (18-25). Her blood pressure was 164/94 mmHg. She had coarse terminal hairs on her upper lip and beard areas. Abdominal examination was normal, but she refused examination of her external genitalia.
Investigations:
serum sodium144 mmol/L (137-144) serum potassium3.6 mmol/L (3.5-4.9) serum urea7.7 mmol/L (2.5-7.0) serum creatinine122 umol/L (60-110) fasting plasma glucose6.4 mmol/L (3.0-6.0) serum testosterone17.2 nmol/L (0.5-3.0) serum luteinising hormone2.2 U/L (>30.0)
What is the most appropriate initial investigation?
On examination, her body mass index was 32 kg/m2 (18-25). Her blood pressure was 164/94 mmHg. She had coarse terminal hairs on her upper lip and beard areas. Abdominal examination was normal, but she refused examination of her external genitalia.
Investigations:
serum sodium144 mmol/L (137-144) serum potassium3.6 mmol/L (3.5-4.9) serum urea7.7 mmol/L (2.5-7.0) serum creatinine122 umol/L (60-110) fasting plasma glucose6.4 mmol/L (3.0-6.0) serum testosterone17.2 nmol/L (0.5-3.0) serum luteinising hormone2.2 U/L (>30.0)
What is the most appropriate initial investigation?
正解：D
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A 45-year-old woman attended for annual follow-up for long-standing hypoparathyroidism (a complication of thyroid surgery 5 years previously). She was asymptomatic. She was taking alfacalcidol 1 microgram daily.
Examination was unremarkable.
Investigations:
serum creatinine105 umol/L (60-110)
serum corrected calcium2.45 mmol/L (2.20-2.60)
24-h urinary calcium9.8 mmol (2.5-7.5)
What is the most appropriate next step in management?
Examination was unremarkable.
Investigations:
serum creatinine105 umol/L (60-110)
serum corrected calcium2.45 mmol/L (2.20-2.60)
24-h urinary calcium9.8 mmol (2.5-7.5)
What is the most appropriate next step in management?
正解：A
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A 55-year-old woman presented complaining of difficulty losing weight.
On examination, her blood pressure was 170/105 mmHg and urinalysis showed protein 1+.
An ultrasound scan of abdomen revealed a 4.5-cm solid lesion in the right adrenal gland. She was treated with ramipril and further endocrine evaluation was performed.
Investigations:
serum potassium3.6 mmol/L (3.5-4.9)
serum creatinine135 umol/L (60-110)
plasma renin activity:
(after 30 min supine)3.9 pmol/mL/h (1.1-2.7)
(after 30 min upright)6.8 pmol/mL/h (3.0-4.3)
plasma aldosterone:
(after 30 min supine)150 pmol/L (135-400)
(after 4 h upright)350 pmol/L (330-830)
serum cortisol (09.00 h)650 nmol/L (200-700)
serum cortisol (22.00 h)225 nmol/L (50-250)
24-h urinary free cortisol230 nmol (55-250)
24-h urinary dopamine3200 nmol (<3100)
24-h urinary adrenaline120 nmol (<144)
24-h urinary noradrenaline450 nmol (<570)
What is the most appropriate initial management of the adrenal lesion?
On examination, her blood pressure was 170/105 mmHg and urinalysis showed protein 1+.
An ultrasound scan of abdomen revealed a 4.5-cm solid lesion in the right adrenal gland. She was treated with ramipril and further endocrine evaluation was performed.
Investigations:
serum potassium3.6 mmol/L (3.5-4.9)
serum creatinine135 umol/L (60-110)
plasma renin activity:
(after 30 min supine)3.9 pmol/mL/h (1.1-2.7)
(after 30 min upright)6.8 pmol/mL/h (3.0-4.3)
plasma aldosterone:
(after 30 min supine)150 pmol/L (135-400)
(after 4 h upright)350 pmol/L (330-830)
serum cortisol (09.00 h)650 nmol/L (200-700)
serum cortisol (22.00 h)225 nmol/L (50-250)
24-h urinary free cortisol230 nmol (55-250)
24-h urinary dopamine3200 nmol (<3100)
24-h urinary adrenaline120 nmol (<144)
24-h urinary noradrenaline450 nmol (<570)
What is the most appropriate initial management of the adrenal lesion?
正解：B
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A 72-year-old woman was referred for bone density assessment after sustaining a fracture of her right ankle after a minor fall. She had previously fractured her right wrist after tripping in the street. Her past medical history included occasional angina relieved by glyceryl trinitrate spray and a previous deep venous thrombosis. Her medication comprised aspirin, simvastatin, alendronic acid, and calcium and vitamin D, which she had been taking regularly for 2 years.
Investigations:
DXA scan of spine (L2-L4)T score -2.4
DXA scan of total hipT score -2.8
What is the most appropriate treatment?
Investigations:
DXA scan of spine (L2-L4)T score -2.4
DXA scan of total hipT score -2.8
What is the most appropriate treatment?
正解：C
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A 48-year-old man was referred by his general practitioner, whose letter stated: 'Please review this man's blood pressure management, as he has requested a second opinion, having seen information on the internet about the need for more detailed investigation. He has been having treatment for 10 years.'
At the consultation, the patient confirmed that he was currently taking bendroflumethiazide
2.5 mg daily, atenolol 50 mg daily and perindopril 8 mg daily. His clinic blood pressure was 169/108 mmHg. Clinical examination was otherwise normal.
Investigations:
serum sodium142 mmol/L (137-144)
serum potassium3.9 mmol/L (3.5-4.9)
estimated glomerular filtration rate (MDRD)>60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (>60)
ambulant plasma renin activity0.5 pmol/mL/h (3.0-4.3)
ambulant plasma aldosterone380 pmol/L (330-830)
What is the most appropriate next step in management?
At the consultation, the patient confirmed that he was currently taking bendroflumethiazide
2.5 mg daily, atenolol 50 mg daily and perindopril 8 mg daily. His clinic blood pressure was 169/108 mmHg. Clinical examination was otherwise normal.
Investigations:
serum sodium142 mmol/L (137-144)
serum potassium3.9 mmol/L (3.5-4.9)
estimated glomerular filtration rate (MDRD)>60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (>60)
ambulant plasma renin activity0.5 pmol/mL/h (3.0-4.3)
ambulant plasma aldosterone380 pmol/L (330-830)
What is the most appropriate next step in management?
正解：E
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A 26-year-old woman was referred by her general practitioner for the management of subfertility. Her menarche had occurred at the age of 14 and she had experienced oligomenorrhoea since the age of 16. She also complained of gradually worsening hirsutism since puberty.
Clinical examination showed central obesity, a body mass index of 32 kg/m2 (18-25) and a blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg.
The following results were obtained within 1 week of her last menstrual period.
Investigations:
overnight dexamethasone suppression test (after 1 mg dexamethasone):
serum cortisol30 nmol/L (<50)
serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate12 umol/L (3-12)
serum androstenedione10.0 nmol/L (0.6-8.8)
serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone38 nmol/L (1-10)
serum oestradiol200 pmol/L (200-400)
serum testosterone3.5 nmol/L (0.5-3.0)
serum sex hormone binding globulin30 nmol/L (40-137)
plasma follicle-stimulating hormone4.0 U/L (2.5-10.0)
plasma luteinising hormone6.0 U/L (2.5-10.0)
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Clinical examination showed central obesity, a body mass index of 32 kg/m2 (18-25) and a blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg.
The following results were obtained within 1 week of her last menstrual period.
Investigations:
overnight dexamethasone suppression test (after 1 mg dexamethasone):
serum cortisol30 nmol/L (<50)
serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate12 umol/L (3-12)
serum androstenedione10.0 nmol/L (0.6-8.8)
serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone38 nmol/L (1-10)
serum oestradiol200 pmol/L (200-400)
serum testosterone3.5 nmol/L (0.5-3.0)
serum sex hormone binding globulin30 nmol/L (40-137)
plasma follicle-stimulating hormone4.0 U/L (2.5-10.0)
plasma luteinising hormone6.0 U/L (2.5-10.0)
What is the most likely diagnosis?
正解：D
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A 64-year-old man, who was undergoing investigation for altered bowel habit, was referred to the endocrine clinic after a CT scan of abdomen had shown a 4-cm mass in his left adrenal gland. He had a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Investigations:
low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (2 mg/day for 48 h):
serum cortisol350 nmol/L (<50)
24-h urinary free cortisol400 nmol (55-250)
plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (09.00 h)2.0 pmol/L (3.3-15.4)
He underwent laparoscopic removal of his left adrenal gland.
How should his endocrine condition be managed following surgery?
Investigations:
low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (2 mg/day for 48 h):
serum cortisol350 nmol/L (<50)
24-h urinary free cortisol400 nmol (55-250)
plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (09.00 h)2.0 pmol/L (3.3-15.4)
He underwent laparoscopic removal of his left adrenal gland.
How should his endocrine condition be managed following surgery?
正解：D
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A 17-year-old boy with a 10-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus was admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis after a night of binge drinking.
He was treated appropriately with a fixed-rate intravenous insulin infusion and intravenous sodium chloride 0.9%.
Twenty-four hours after admission, he was eating and drinking normally. He was taking his usual doses of subcutaneous insulin and his urinary ketones were undetectable.
Investigations (6 hours previously):
venous blood gases, breathing air: PO25.6 kPa PCO23.8 kPa pH7.29 bicarbonate16 mmol/L base excess-1 mmol/L
lactate1.1 mmol/L
What is the likely most cause of these results?
He was treated appropriately with a fixed-rate intravenous insulin infusion and intravenous sodium chloride 0.9%.
Twenty-four hours after admission, he was eating and drinking normally. He was taking his usual doses of subcutaneous insulin and his urinary ketones were undetectable.
Investigations (6 hours previously):
venous blood gases, breathing air: PO25.6 kPa PCO23.8 kPa pH7.29 bicarbonate16 mmol/L base excess-1 mmol/L
lactate1.1 mmol/L
What is the likely most cause of these results?
正解：C
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A 46-year-old South Asian man presented with a 2-month history of dry mouth and polyuria. He had hypertension treated with bendroflumethiazide. There was no family history of diabetes mellitus, but his father had died suddenly during lower limb angioplasty at the age of 51.
On examination, the patient's pulse was 76 beats per minute and regular, and his blood pressure was 164/86 mmHg. The rest of the physical examination was normal. Urinalysis was normal.
Investigations:
serum sodium143 mmol/L (137-144)
serum potassium3.0 mmol/L (3.5-4.9)
serum creatinine123 umol/L (60-110)
fasting plasma glucose6.9 mmol/L (3.0-6.0)
What is the most appropriate next step in management?
On examination, the patient's pulse was 76 beats per minute and regular, and his blood pressure was 164/86 mmHg. The rest of the physical examination was normal. Urinalysis was normal.
Investigations:
serum sodium143 mmol/L (137-144)
serum potassium3.0 mmol/L (3.5-4.9)
serum creatinine123 umol/L (60-110)
fasting plasma glucose6.9 mmol/L (3.0-6.0)
What is the most appropriate next step in management?
正解：C
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A 33-year-old woman was seen for diabetes review 2 months after her first pregnancy. Diabetes mellitus had been diagnosed at 18 weeks' gestation. She had experienced no symptoms; routine urinalysis had shown glucose 4+, with no ketones, and her fasting blood glucose concentration was 6.2 mmol/L (3.0-6.0), rising to 13.5 mmol/L (<7.8) in a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. She had been treated with insulin during the pregnancy, and stopped after delivery. Her mother and maternal aunt had been treated for type 2 diabetes mellitus, and a maternal uncle for type 1 diabetes. Her body mass index was 23.7 kg/m2 (18-25).
Without insulin she remained well, with no osmotic symptoms, no weight loss and no ketosis.
Investigations:
fasting plasma glucose8.4 mmol/L (3.0-6.0)
haemoglobin A1c68 mmol/mol (20-42)
oral glucose tolerance test (75 g):
fasting plasma glucose7.9 mmol/L (3.0-6.0)
2-h plasma glucose13.8 mmol/L (<7.8)
serum insulin72 pmol/L (<186)
serum C-peptide945 pmol/L (180-360)
A trial of therapy with gliclazide 40 mg once daily led to a significant improvement in her blood glucose.
What is the most likely cause of her diabetes?
Without insulin she remained well, with no osmotic symptoms, no weight loss and no ketosis.
Investigations:
fasting plasma glucose8.4 mmol/L (3.0-6.0)
haemoglobin A1c68 mmol/mol (20-42)
oral glucose tolerance test (75 g):
fasting plasma glucose7.9 mmol/L (3.0-6.0)
2-h plasma glucose13.8 mmol/L (<7.8)
serum insulin72 pmol/L (<186)
serum C-peptide945 pmol/L (180-360)
A trial of therapy with gliclazide 40 mg once daily led to a significant improvement in her blood glucose.
What is the most likely cause of her diabetes?
正解：A
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