8011試験無料問題集「PRMIA Credit and Counterparty Manager (CCRM) Certificate 認定」
For a US based investor, what is the 10-day value-at risk at the 95% confidence level of a long spot position of EUR 15m, where the volatility of the underlying exchange rate is 16% annually. The current spot rate for EUR is 1.5. (Assume 250 trading days in a year).
正解：A
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Stress testing is useful for which of the following purposes:
I). For providing the risk manager with an intuitive check on his risk estimates
II). Providing a means of communicating risk implications using plausible scenarios that can be easily explained to a non-technical audience
III). Guarding against major errors in the form of model risk
IV). Complying with the requirements of Basel II.
I). For providing the risk manager with an intuitive check on his risk estimates
II). Providing a means of communicating risk implications using plausible scenarios that can be easily explained to a non-technical audience
III). Guarding against major errors in the form of model risk
IV). Complying with the requirements of Basel II.
正解：C
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Which of the following are valid objectives of a reverse stress test:
I. Ensure that a firm can survive for long enough after risks have materialized for it to either regainmarket confidence, restructure or be sold, or be closed down in an orderly manner, II. Discover the vulnerabilities of the current business plan, III. Better integrate business and capital planning, IV. Create a 'zero-failure' environment at the systemic level in the financial sector
I. Ensure that a firm can survive for long enough after risks have materialized for it to either regainmarket confidence, restructure or be sold, or be closed down in an orderly manner, II. Discover the vulnerabilities of the current business plan, III. Better integrate business and capital planning, IV. Create a 'zero-failure' environment at the systemic level in the financial sector
正解：B
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Which of the following is a valid approach to determining the magnitude of a shock for a given risk factor as part of a historical stress testing exercise?
I. Determine the maximum peak-to-trough change in the risk factor over the defined period of the historical event II. Determine the minimum peak-to-trough change in the risk factor over the defined period of the historical event III. Determine the total change in the risk factor between the start date and the finish date of the event regardless of peaks and troughs in between IV. Determine the maximum single day change in the risk factor and multiply by the number of days covered by the stress event
I. Determine the maximum peak-to-trough change in the risk factor over the defined period of the historical event II. Determine the minimum peak-to-trough change in the risk factor over the defined period of the historical event III. Determine the total change in the risk factor between the start date and the finish date of the event regardless of peaks and troughs in between IV. Determine the maximum single day change in the risk factor and multiply by the number of days covered by the stress event
正解：B
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Which of the following decisions need to be made as part of laying down a system for calculating VaR:
I. How returns are calculated, eg absoluted returns, log returns or relative/percentage returns II. Whether VaR is calculated based on historical simulation, Monte Carlo, or is computed parametrically III. Whether binary/digital options are included in the portfolio positions IV. How volatility is estimated
I. How returns are calculated, eg absoluted returns, log returns or relative/percentage returns II. Whether VaR is calculated based on historical simulation, Monte Carlo, or is computed parametrically III. Whether binary/digital options are included in the portfolio positions IV. How volatility is estimated
正解：D
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Which of the following steps are required for computing the aggregate distribution for a UoM for operational risk once loss frequency and severity curves have been estimated:
I. Simulate number of losses based on the frequency distribution
II. Simulate the dollar value of the losses from the severity distribution III. Simulate random number from the copula used to model dependence between the UoMs IV. Compute dependent losses from aggregate distribution curves
I. Simulate number of losses based on the frequency distribution
II. Simulate the dollar value of the losses from the severity distribution III. Simulate random number from the copula used to model dependence between the UoMs IV. Compute dependent losses from aggregate distribution curves
正解：B
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Which of the following are valid approaches to calculating potential future exposure (PFE) for counterparty risk:
I. Add a percentage of the notional to the mark-to-market value
II. Monte Carlo simulation
III. Maximum Likelihood Estimation
IV. Parametric Estimation
I. Add a percentage of the notional to the mark-to-market value
II. Monte Carlo simulation
III. Maximum Likelihood Estimation
IV. Parametric Estimation
正解：C
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There are two bonds in a portfolio, each with a market value of $50m. The probability of default of the two bonds over a one year horizon are 0.03 and 0.08 respectively. If the default correlation is zero, what is the one year expected loss on this portfolio?
正解：D
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Which of the following statements are true:
I. Liquidity risks during time of crisis may be exacerbated by large collateral calls continuing over a period of time.
II. Stress tests are always separately modeled from VaR computations which cannot deal with stress scenarios of the kind considered in stress tests.
III. A maximum loss scenario considers the maximum possible loss given a 'plausibility constraint' that is based upon the joint probability of such a loss happening
I. Liquidity risks during time of crisis may be exacerbated by large collateral calls continuing over a period of time.
II. Stress tests are always separately modeled from VaR computations which cannot deal with stress scenarios of the kind considered in stress tests.
III. A maximum loss scenario considers the maximum possible loss given a 'plausibility constraint' that is based upon the joint probability of such a loss happening
正解：A
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Which of the following formulae describes CVA (Credit Valuation Adjustment)? All acronyms have their usual meanings (LGD=Loss Given Default, ENE=Expected Negative Exposure, EE=Expected Exposure, PD=Probability of Default, EPE=Expected Positive Exposure, PFE=Potential Future Exposure)
正解：B
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Which of the following statements are true:
I. Stress tests should consider simultaneous pressures in funding and asset markets, and the impact of a reduction in liquidity II. Judging the effectiveness of risk mitigation techniques is not a part of stress testing III. A reverse stress test is useful for discovering hidden vulnerabilities and inconsistencies in hedging strategies IV. Reputational risk, which is explicitly excluded from the definition of operational risk under Basel II, should still be considered as part of stress tests.
I. Stress tests should consider simultaneous pressures in funding and asset markets, and the impact of a reduction in liquidity II. Judging the effectiveness of risk mitigation techniques is not a part of stress testing III. A reverse stress test is useful for discovering hidden vulnerabilities and inconsistencies in hedging strategies IV. Reputational risk, which is explicitly excluded from the definition of operational risk under Basel II, should still be considered as part of stress tests.
正解：D
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